T\u1ea1i sao l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5?<\/strong><\/p>\n Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n L\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n. Nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5.<\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau khi c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o mu\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1eed vong v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 da \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi da kh\u00f4. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00edt h\u01a1n trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m cho l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t “ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00f4” ??<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0so v\u1edbi da kh\u00f4. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f3n tay \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua b\u1ea1n, g\u00e2y cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi da\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbt, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0th\u1ea5p, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Khi b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong><\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u1ec9nh”.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c “qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng minh” trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. L\u00fd do l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ” con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i”, b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng v\u1eady. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i” v\u1ec1 “nh\u00e0” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u1eafc quy v\u00e0 n\u00f3, sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n. (C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.) Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u1eafc quy\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n). Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u1eafc quy. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt l\u00e0 do d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n (m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh).<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb (ngu\u1ed3n). \u0110\u1eebng nh\u1edb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 sau, khi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n Th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch tr\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap\u00a0ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y g\u00e2y m\u00ea. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec v\u1eady xin vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a).<\/p>\n B\u00ean trong \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0(m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf)<\/p>\n Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0truy\u1ec1n\u00a0qua d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u x\u00e1m). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (m\u0169i t\u00ean xanh) gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e2y lan sang v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “l\u1ed7i” trong \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng (m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf) v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u x\u00e1m). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch tr\u00e0, v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ecf \u0111ang mang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (Ground)<\/strong><\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1edbm th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean? B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (6,000,000,000\u00a0km ho\u1eb7c \u00a03,700,000,000 d\u1eb7m!). B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ….<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ea5t<\/em>“. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1ebd kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n “C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t. “<\/em><\/p>\n M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ea5t<\/em>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 “M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 “M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t” ?? v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, M\u1eb9 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n X\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang d\u00f2ng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng l\u00ean. T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1edbi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n. T\u1eeb b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n D\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f2ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb9. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y??<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1edb \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta?<\/p>\n V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n AC (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n \u1ea4m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n hai d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i\u00a0n\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u\u00a0(AC), d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n Trong ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, v\u00ec l\u00fd do hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao. G\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb\u00a0m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u1ea5m\u00a0\u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1ea5m n\u00e0y theo h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bong b\u00f3ng).<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t” (d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t)!<\/p>\n \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 hai d\u00e2y m\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ” d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang d\u00f2ng “. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai d\u00e2y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, hai d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh”.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng “kh\u00e1c”, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng”.<\/p>\n V\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t …… l\u00e0 … .. ” d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t” (d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t)!<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo l\u1eafng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n (l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n S\u00e9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, g\u00e2y t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u1eeb tia s\u00e9t \u0111i qua d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh (xem m\u0169i t\u00ean) \u0111\u1ebfn “d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t”. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng tia ch\u1edbp mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng!<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y\u00a0mang \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Trong th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m\u00a0cho ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ebd b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (ngu\u1ed3n). Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (AC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u1ea5m \u0111un\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n qua d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 (ngu\u1ed3n) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0khi \u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i cho anh ta m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n (1). C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng (2) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u1edbi d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc (3). \u1ea4m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf\u00a0kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc (4) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecf \u1ea5m \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc mang \u0111\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf\u00a0kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o anh ta v\u00e0 \u0111i chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (5) t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh ta. T\u1eeb ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh ta, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t (6). B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn “d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t” (7). C\u00e1c “d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t” mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh (8). D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 – m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n (1). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua trong khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0cao s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p \u00edt d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n ‘D\u00e2y d\u1eabn’ l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ‘d\u1eabn’ d\u00f2ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron. Trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong d\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, trong ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c electron r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c electron kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chung cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 che d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi\u00a0d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng c\u00e1n qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y tr\u00ean s\u00e0n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y n\u00e0y, ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o\u00a0c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m xung quanh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (l\u1edbp m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cho an to\u00e0n, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (hai l\u1edbp m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n ghi r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi (hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n vu\u00f4ng), ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n hai l\u1edbp. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “lo\u1ea1i 2”.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n Theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u0169ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt\u00a0s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\u00a0nh\u1edd mang gi\u00e0y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao. Gi\u00e0y n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y qua n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ecf) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Link ph\u1ea7n 2:\u00a0http:\/\/mese.vn\/vi\/an-toan-dien-phan-2.html<\/a><\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>:\u00a0http:\/\/howequipmentworks.com\/electrical_safety\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i sao an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed5? Khi \u00a0b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh Th\u1eddi gian cho … Continue reading An to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n (Ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/span> ![\"2\"](\"http:\/\/mese.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/2.gif\")
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