{"id":2442,"date":"2016-10-10T14:31:55","date_gmt":"2016-10-10T07:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mese.vn\/?p=2442"},"modified":"2017-03-22T08:49:07","modified_gmt":"2017-03-22T01:49:07","slug":"an-toan-dien-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tofu.isoinaction.com\/mesevn\/vi\/an-toan-dien-phan-2.html","title":{"rendered":"An to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n (Ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Link ph\u1ea7n 1:\u00a0http:\/\/mese.vn\/vi\/an-toan-dien-phan-1.html<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ban?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi\u00a0th\u1ee9\u00a0an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i. D\u00e2y n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t”, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. D\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y trong h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"82\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh (m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111en) v\u00e0 d\u00e2y kia k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"84\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n\u00a0m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng xa. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\"85\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta theo hai c\u00e1ch. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y mang d\u00f2ng b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd mang \u0111\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"86\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ecdn \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, cho anh ta m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"87\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y\u00a0th\u1eed\u00a0m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"88\"<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn\u00a0m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng th\u00edch \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u00edt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec trong hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n? D\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 mang d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi “l\u00e0n da kh\u00f4” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao.<\/p>\n

\"91\"<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua d\u00e2y, thay v\u00ec \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t “chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng” c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n ra xa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"92\"<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ” n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng cao “. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"93\"<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ” n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng cao “.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y. D\u00e2y n\u00e0y (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e8m theo trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\"95\"<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 cao, c\u00e1c d\u00e2y b\u00ean trong c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang d\u00f2ng, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao.<\/p>\n

\"96\"<\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb “s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t”. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 mua, nh\u01b0ng thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch “ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1” (d\u1eebng) d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\"98\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ON v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\"99\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh”. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u1edf trong nh\u00e0. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i. M\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 “v\u1ea5p” v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

\"100\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ” n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng cao”\u00a0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau “nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c “d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t”. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, b\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng cao, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ON.<\/p>\n

\"101\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

C\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

\"103\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng cao l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed OFF v\u00e0 d\u1eebng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\"104\"<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap trong hai c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"105\"<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang OFF.<\/p>\n

\"106\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 10 ampe. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 100 miliampe (nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10 ampe 100 l\u1ea7n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 milliampe).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c “n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng” ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i qua ph\u1ea3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch xe bu\u00fdt cho kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. B\u1ea1n g\u1eedi s\u00e1u du kh\u00e1ch qu\u00fd (\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u du kh\u00e1ch \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 trong khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vui m\u1eebng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, thay v\u00ec s\u00e1u!<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i hai kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u1ea5t t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o xe bu\u00fdt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho m\u1ed9t tour du l\u1ecbch. B\u1ea1n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c du kh\u00e1ch m\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t t\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tour du l\u1ecbch trung th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng\u00a0d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c “n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ” ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra xem l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nhau. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, 1000 miliampe (1000 miliampe = 1 ampe) \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 1000 miliampe tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn ON v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"113\"<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau), nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang OFF v\u00e0 d\u1eebng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"114\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c. C\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n (30 miliampe trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u00c0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111i qua n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (xem m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf). V\u00ec v\u1eady trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi 1000 miliampe \u0111i qua c\u00e1c n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 970 miliampe tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"115\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng, l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\"116\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 30 miliampe) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c “n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: “thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng d\u00f2 (RCD)”, “b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng d\u00f2”, “Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)” , “Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI) “, \u201cAppliance Leakage Current Interrupter (ALCI) ” ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u2026 !<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Class 1:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb “Class 1”. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Class 1.<\/p>\n

\"117\"<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"118\"<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t “. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua anh ta. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua anh ta. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1eabn vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"119\"<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n! Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng s\u00e9t nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\"121\"<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00ec m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u00ean trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh? Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac! Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p r\u1ea5t cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\"122\"<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng AC. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m hai cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y. D\u00f2ng \u0111i v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y “s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p”. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y “th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p”.<\/p>\n

\"124\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u1edf hai b\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u00edt v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u0103ng \u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\"125\"<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\"126\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i sang m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"127\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p xa ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng cho h\u1ecd gi\u1eef d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00e1c! C\u00e1i m\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tia s\u00e9t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\"128\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t “d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d cho m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y. (D\u00e2y “v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"129\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch (m\u0169i t\u00ean xanh) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"130\"<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang b\u00ean kia. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y “c\u00f4 l\u1eadp” c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean (v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u xanh) kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ch \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia (khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y). B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly”.<\/p>\n

\"131\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i qua m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\"132\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly. V\u1ecf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (d\u00e2y “v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"133\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qua \u201cd\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t” c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh). L\u00fd do n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 do bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u00e3 chia m\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch trong ph\u1ea7n “kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng”. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng sang ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

\"134\"<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"135\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao\u00a0c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n (nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef X m\u00e0u \u0111en) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n (tam gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng) qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh) c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u1ea1 \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang b\u00ean kh\u00e1c (m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf) \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n (tam gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng). V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ebd\u00a0kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c!<\/p>\n

\"136\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng “chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a” \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ea1i\u00a0kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\"138\"<\/p>\n

Shock vi m\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Hai t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ecfng v\u00e0 rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u0129 m\u00f4 so v\u1edbi c\u00fa s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t (VF) g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim b\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim.<\/p>\n

\"142\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn tim m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng mang theo tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai x\u00e1ch, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tim b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m (CVP).<\/p>\n

\"145\"<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn trong hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Da th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf r\u1ea5t cao v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 “\u0111\u1ee7” d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t (VF), d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi da ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"146\"<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng) m\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tim kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao c\u1ee7a da. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tim. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y VF.<\/p>\n

\"147\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1c v\u0129 m\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham kh\u1ea3o khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i “\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt” ??. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra VF. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tim, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra VF.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i qua da v\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra VF. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra VF n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tim. S\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 10 micro ampe (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 0,00001 ampe).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o nh\u1ecbp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m) c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n (h\u1ed9p m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim (h\u1ed9p m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\"151\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c”. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nh\u00ecn m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng) tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"152\"<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t bao g\u1ed3m ba “class” (khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m ba “type” (v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u xanh).<\/p>\n

\"153\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y g\u00e2y m\u00ea. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “class I” (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c type “B” (m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

\"154\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i nhanh qua ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 “h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Class”.<\/p>\n

Class I:<\/strong><\/em> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong l\u1edbp n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y t\u1eeb v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\"156\"<\/p>\n

Class II:<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\"157\"<\/p>\n

Class III<\/strong><\/em>: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi pin ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 “an to\u00e0n”. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao.<\/p>\n

\"158\"<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Class III s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho y t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Class III c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tim.<\/p>\n

\"159\"<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type B cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 type CF l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

\"161\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type B(Body):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e1y g\u00e2y m\u00ea c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type B.<\/p>\n

\"163\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type BF (Body Floating):<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i B v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong h\u1ed9p” d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 c\u1eafm n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 \u0111o oxy xung th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u1ed5 c\u1eafm l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type BF (Body Floating).<\/p>\n

\"165\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 type CF (Cardiac Floating):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 c\u1eafm, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m (CVP). Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng CVP \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ed1c vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn tim. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (“Tr\u00e1i tim trong h\u1ed9p”), \u1ed5 c\u1eafm n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cao nh\u1ea5t, i.e. b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Type CF (Cardiac Floating).<\/p>\n

\"167\"<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai “tai” \u1edf hai b\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng “tai” \u1edf hai b\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t m\u00e1y kh\u1eed rung tim. Kh\u1eed rung tim t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c kh\u1eed rung tim.<\/p>\n

\"169\"<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Khi t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ng\u1ee9a ran:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “kh\u00f3” c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu (hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng), h\u00e3y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, v\u00ec\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0110au:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t v\u00ec hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. C\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        N\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. B\u1ecfng:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n b\u1ecfng do l\u1eeda. Trong khi b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng l\u1eeda, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

          V\u1edbi b\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec7n, khi\u00a0c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4 d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

          \"174\"<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            S\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua\u00a0c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua tr\u00e1i tim, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

            \"176\"<\/p>\n

            Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ngay tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            \"177\"<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 c\u1eafm trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb pin) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n AC t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y Electrosurgical \/ \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m:<\/p>\n